TY - JOUR
T1 - Building a Better Infarct: Modulation of Collagen Cross-Linking to Increase Infarct Stiffness and Reduce Left Ventricular Dilation Post-Myocardial Infarction
AU - Voorhees, Andrew P.
AU - DeLeon-Pennell, Kristine Y.
AU - Ma, Yonggang
AU - Halade, Ganesh V.
AU - Yabluchanskiy, Andriy
AU - Iyer, Rugmani Padmanabhan
AU - Flynn, Elizabeth
AU - Cates, Courtney A.
AU - Lindsey, Merry L.
AU - Han, Hai Chao
PY - 2015/8/1
Y1 - 2015/8/1
N2 - Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) deletion attenuates collagen accumulation and dilation of the left ventricle (LV) post-myocardial infarction (MI); however the biomechanical mechanisms underlying the improved outcome are poorly understood.The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms whereby MMP-9 deletion alters collagen network composition and assembly in the LV post-MI to modulate the mechanical properties of myocardial scar tissue. Adult C57BL/6J wild-type (WT; n = 88) and MMP-9 null (MMP-9-/-; n = 92) mice of both sexes underwent permanent coronary artery ligation and were compared to day 0 controls (n = 42). At day 7 post-MI, WT LVs displayed a 3-fold increase in end-diastolic volume, while MMP-9-/- showed only a 2-fold increase (p < 0.05). Biaxial mechanical testing revealed that MMP-9-/- infarcts were stiffer than WT infarcts, as indicated by a 1.3-fold reduction in predicted in vivo circumferential stretch (p < 0.05). Paradoxically, MMP-9-/- infarcts had a 1.8-fold reduction in collagen deposition (p < 0.05). This apparent contradiction was explained by a 3.1-fold increase in lysyl oxidase (p < 0.05) in MMP-9-/- infarcts, indicating that MMP-9 deletion increased collagen cross-linking activity. Furthermore, MMP-9 deletion led to a 3.0-fold increase in bone morphogenetic protein-1, the metalloproteinase that cleaves pro-collagen and pro-lysyl oxidase (p < 0.05) and reduced fibronectin fragmentation by 49% (p < 0.05) to enhance lysyl oxidase activity. We conclude that MMP-9 deletion increases infarct stiffness and prevents LV dilation by reducing collagen degradation and facilitating collagen assembly and cross-linking through preservation of the fibronectin network and activation of lysyl oxidase.
AB - Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) deletion attenuates collagen accumulation and dilation of the left ventricle (LV) post-myocardial infarction (MI); however the biomechanical mechanisms underlying the improved outcome are poorly understood.The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms whereby MMP-9 deletion alters collagen network composition and assembly in the LV post-MI to modulate the mechanical properties of myocardial scar tissue. Adult C57BL/6J wild-type (WT; n = 88) and MMP-9 null (MMP-9-/-; n = 92) mice of both sexes underwent permanent coronary artery ligation and were compared to day 0 controls (n = 42). At day 7 post-MI, WT LVs displayed a 3-fold increase in end-diastolic volume, while MMP-9-/- showed only a 2-fold increase (p < 0.05). Biaxial mechanical testing revealed that MMP-9-/- infarcts were stiffer than WT infarcts, as indicated by a 1.3-fold reduction in predicted in vivo circumferential stretch (p < 0.05). Paradoxically, MMP-9-/- infarcts had a 1.8-fold reduction in collagen deposition (p < 0.05). This apparent contradiction was explained by a 3.1-fold increase in lysyl oxidase (p < 0.05) in MMP-9-/- infarcts, indicating that MMP-9 deletion increased collagen cross-linking activity. Furthermore, MMP-9 deletion led to a 3.0-fold increase in bone morphogenetic protein-1, the metalloproteinase that cleaves pro-collagen and pro-lysyl oxidase (p < 0.05) and reduced fibronectin fragmentation by 49% (p < 0.05) to enhance lysyl oxidase activity. We conclude that MMP-9 deletion increases infarct stiffness and prevents LV dilation by reducing collagen degradation and facilitating collagen assembly and cross-linking through preservation of the fibronectin network and activation of lysyl oxidase.
KW - Cardiac mechanics
KW - Collagen crosslinking
KW - Infarct stiffness
KW - Lysyl oxidase
KW - Matrix metalloproteinase-9
KW - Proteomics
UR - https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/intmed_facpub/43
U2 - 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.006
DO - 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.006
M3 - Article
VL - 85
JO - Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
JF - Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
ER -