TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of Karenia Brevis Blooms on the West Florida Shelf Using Ocean Color Satellite Imagery: Implications for Bloom Maintenance and Evolution
AU - Soto, I. M
AU - Muller-Karger, Frank E
AU - Hu, Chuanmin
AU - Wolny, J.
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Satellite ocean color remote sensing techniques, coupled with in situ data, were used to examine the spatial extent and evolution of four Karenia brevis blooms on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2011. Observations were obtained with the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS-Aqua). These four blooms were delineated by combining remote-sensing reflectance at 555 nm and normalized fluorescence line height. In 2004 and 2005, the WFS was affected by several hurricanes, including the category 5 storm Hurricane Katrina. These hurricanes led to increased river discharge and vertical mixing which favored bloom intensification and dispersion. No hurricanes passed over the WSF in 2006; however, storms in south Florida may have aided bloom intensification via increased river discharge. In 2011, a bloom appeared off Venice, Florida, where several small creeks discharge. The bloom moved south toward Charlotte Harbor where it intensified and lingered for several months as it received nutrients from riverine discharge and upwelling events. While it is difficult to identify initiation stages of a K. brevis bloom (< ∼ 50;000 cells L-1) using satellite imagery, the techniques used here provide information about bloom evolution (size, duration, and advection) and insight into factors affecting bloom dynamics.
AB - Satellite ocean color remote sensing techniques, coupled with in situ data, were used to examine the spatial extent and evolution of four Karenia brevis blooms on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2011. Observations were obtained with the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS-Aqua). These four blooms were delineated by combining remote-sensing reflectance at 555 nm and normalized fluorescence line height. In 2004 and 2005, the WFS was affected by several hurricanes, including the category 5 storm Hurricane Katrina. These hurricanes led to increased river discharge and vertical mixing which favored bloom intensification and dispersion. No hurricanes passed over the WSF in 2006; however, storms in south Florida may have aided bloom intensification via increased river discharge. In 2011, a bloom appeared off Venice, Florida, where several small creeks discharge. The bloom moved south toward Charlotte Harbor where it intensified and lingered for several months as it received nutrients from riverine discharge and upwelling events. While it is difficult to identify initiation stages of a K. brevis bloom (< ∼ 50;000 cells L-1) using satellite imagery, the techniques used here provide information about bloom evolution (size, duration, and advection) and insight into factors affecting bloom dynamics.
KW - bloom maintenance
KW - Gulf of Mexico
KW - harmful algal blooms
KW - Karenia brevis
KW - MODIS
KW - ocean color
KW - West Florida Shelf
UR - https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/msc_facpub/1023
UR - http://10.1117/1.JRS.11.012002
U2 - 10.1117/1.JRS.11.012002
DO - 10.1117/1.JRS.11.012002
M3 - Article
VL - 11
JO - Journal of Applied Remote Sensing
JF - Journal of Applied Remote Sensing
ER -