Confirmatory Factor Analyses Comparing Parental Involvement Frameworks with Secondary Students

Given the lack of research on measurement models used to operationalize parental involvement with secondary students, the goal of this research is to examine the measurement properties of the three-domain conceptualization of parental involvement including school-based involvement, home-based involvement, and academic socialization, compared to a more nuanced six domain conceptualization school-based (1) school/parent communication, (2) attending school activities, home-based (3) home activities, (4) homework help, academic socialization, (5) parent–child communication about education, and (6) parental aspirations for child's education. When comparing the fit among the models, the six-factor model had best fit indices and indicated varied correlations among the subdomains. The six-factor model allowed for more nuanced variations among the subdomains that may be helpful when assessing parental involvement with high school students.